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reactionary circles

См. также в других словарях:

  • ANTISEMITISM — ANTISEMITISM, a term coined in 1879, from the Greek ἁντί = anti, and Σημ = Semite by the German agitator wilhelm marr to designate the then current anti Jewish campaigns in Europe. Antisemitism soon came into general use as a term denoting all… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • POGROMS — Pogrom is a Russian word designating an attack, accompanied by destruction, looting of property, murder, and rape, perpetrated by one section of the population against another. In modern Russian history pogroms have been perpetrated against other …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • SOCIALISM — Introduction The words socialism and socialist were first used about the year 1830 but the origin of the ideas which led to the establishment of the modern labor movement goes back to the time of the French Revolution. For a variety of reasons… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Flensburg government — The Flensburg government was the short lived administration that attempted to rule Germany during most of May 1945 at the very end of World War II. The government was formed following the suicides of German dictator Adolf Hitler and Joseph… …   Wikipedia

  • KRUSHEVAN, PAVOLAKI° — (1860–1909), Russian journalist who became notorious in connection with the kishinev pogroms of April 1903. Krushevan began to publish the newspaper Bessarabets in 1897 in Kishinev, the capital of the province of Bessarabia. Though at first… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • PLEHVE, VYACHESLAV KONSTANTINOVICH VON° — (1846–1904), Russian statesman, a leader of Russian reactionary circles during the reigns of Alexander III and Nicholas II. In 1881 he was appointed director of the police department of the Ministry of the Interior and from 1884 to 1894 he was… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Centre Party (Germany) — German Centre Party Deutsche Zentrumspartei Leader Alois Degler Founded 13 December 1870 Dissolved 5 July 1933 Re established: 1945 Headquarters Dormag …   Wikipedia

  • RUDNICKI, ADOLF — (1912–1980), Polish novelist and author. Originally a Warsaw bank clerk, Rudnicki began his literary career at the age of 20, when he published the psychological novel Szczury ( Rats, 1932). His second work, Żołnierze ( Soldiers, 1933), a… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • education — /ej oo kay sheuhn/, n. 1. the act or process of imparting or acquiring general knowledge, developing the powers of reasoning and judgment, and generally of preparing oneself or others intellectually for mature life. 2. the act or process of… …   Universalium

  • literature — /lit euhr euh cheuhr, choor , li treuh /, n. 1. writings in which expression and form, in connection with ideas of permanent and universal interest, are characteristic or essential features, as poetry, novels, history, biography, and essays. 2.… …   Universalium

  • Austria — Austrian, adj., n. /aw stree euh/, n. a republic in central Europe. 8,054,078; 32,381 sq. mi. (83,865 sq. km). Cap.: Vienna. German, Österreich. * * * Austria Introduction Austria Background: Once the center of power for the large Austro… …   Universalium

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